RESEARCH
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As C60 is relatively new, it is important for people to not just take the endorsements of other people who have used the product and had amazing results but also to educate one's self. There are many claiming they see results in one way or another however as a whole it is important to note that carbon 60 may assist the body in returning to homeostasis, in an efficient and effective manner. As you will see with the Batti rat study the animals organs were in fantastic condition at the end of their lives. It is our organs and the functioning system's they belong to which determine our health and vitality. It is important for people to understand that C60 does not replace a healthy balanced diet with sufficient vitamins and minerals.
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BATTI RAT STUDY
THE PROLONGATION OF THE LIFE SPAN OF RATS BY REPEATED ORAL ADMINISTRATION OD C60 FULLERENE Countless studies showed that [60] fullerene (C60) and derivatives could have many potential bio medical applications. However, while several independent research groups showed that C60 has no acute or sub-acute toxicity in various experimental models, more than 25 years after its discovery the in vivo fate and the chronic effects of this fullerene remain unknown. If the potential of C60 and derivatives in the biomedical field have to be fulfilled these issues must be addressed. Here we show that oral administration of C60 dissolved in olive oil (0.8 mg/ml) at reiterated doses (1.7 mg/kg of body weight) to rats not only does not entail chronic toxicity but it almost doubles their lifespan. The effects of C60-olive oil solutions in an experimental model of CCl4intoxication in rat strongly suggest that the effect on life span is mainly due to the attenuation of age-associated increases in oxidative stress. Pharmacokinetic studies show that dissolved C60 is absorbed by the gastro-intestinal tract and eliminated in a few tens of hours. These results of importance in the fields of medicine and toxicology should open the way for the many possible and waited for biomedical applications of C60 including neurodegenerative disorders and ageing. To read the rest of the study click below. |
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF FULLERENE DERIVATIVES:
A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Abstract : During two last decades, several unique physical and chemical properties of buckminsterfullerene or fullerene C60 have been described. However, much less is known about the effects of fullerenes and their derivatives on biological systems. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that fullerenes may exert influence on different physiological and pathophysiological processes primarily because of their antioxidant effects. The present paper focuses on the cardiovascular effects of fullerene C60 and its water-soluble derivatives. We present available evidence on the protective effects of fullerenes in ischemia-reperfusion injury and their influence on vascular tone. In addition, we review data on the antiproliferative and antiatherogenic effects of fullerene derivatives. Perspectives of fullerenes utilization for photodynamic therapy of cardiovascular diseases are also discussed. Current findings demonstrate that fullerenes may show several potentially physiologically and clinically relevant activities, including antiischemic effect, vasodilatation, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and limitation of proliferative activity of vascular smooth muscle cells. Additional studies will be required to define the molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed effects.
Key words: fullerene, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative injury, vascular tone, atherogenesis.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF FULLERENE DERIVATIVES:
A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Abstract : During two last decades, several unique physical and chemical properties of buckminsterfullerene or fullerene C60 have been described. However, much less is known about the effects of fullerenes and their derivatives on biological systems. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that fullerenes may exert influence on different physiological and pathophysiological processes primarily because of their antioxidant effects. The present paper focuses on the cardiovascular effects of fullerene C60 and its water-soluble derivatives. We present available evidence on the protective effects of fullerenes in ischemia-reperfusion injury and their influence on vascular tone. In addition, we review data on the antiproliferative and antiatherogenic effects of fullerene derivatives. Perspectives of fullerenes utilization for photodynamic therapy of cardiovascular diseases are also discussed. Current findings demonstrate that fullerenes may show several potentially physiologically and clinically relevant activities, including antiischemic effect, vasodilatation, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and limitation of proliferative activity of vascular smooth muscle cells. Additional studies will be required to define the molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed effects.
Key words: fullerene, ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative injury, vascular tone, atherogenesis.
KORONEIKI OLIVE OIL
The most significant differences in the fatty acid profile results were found mainly between varieties with the Koroneiki variety exhibiting a fatty acid profile less prone to oxidation. In conclusion, this study confirms the fact that Koroneiki and Megaritiki, which are local oil varieties of the Mediterranean area, are characterised by excellent quality oil parameters and that the pitting technique results in olive oil that maintains a high content of bio active compounds.
C60 PREVENTS DEGENERATION OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN OSTEOARTHRITIS.
The results indicate that C60 fullerene is a potential therapeutic agent for the protection of articular cartilage against progression of Osteoarthritis via down regulation of chondrocyte catabolic activity and inhibition of cartilage
degeneration during disease development.
INHIBITION OF GROUP A STRPTOCOCCUS INFECTION BY CARBOXYFULLERENE
The effect of carboxyfullerene on GAS-induced mortality was evaluated. As shown in Fig.1A, carboxyfullerene pretreatment inhibited S. pyogenes A-20-induced death dose dependently. Injection of 10 mg of carboxyfullerene/kg of body weight resulted in 25% survival (2 of 8 mice), 20 mg/kg resulted in 63% survival (5 of 8), 30 mg/kg resulted in 75% survival (6 of 8), and 40 mg/kg completely protected mice from S. pyogenesA-20-induced death
The effect of carboxyfullerene on GAS-induced mortality was evaluated. As shown in Fig.1A, carboxyfullerene pretreatment inhibited S. pyogenes A-20-induced death dose dependently. Injection of 10 mg of carboxyfullerene/kg of body weight resulted in 25% survival (2 of 8 mice), 20 mg/kg resulted in 63% survival (5 of 8), 30 mg/kg resulted in 75% survival (6 of 8), and 40 mg/kg completely protected mice from S. pyogenesA-20-induced death
USING C60 FULLERENES FOR PHOTODYNAMIC INACTIVATION OF MOSQUITO IRIDESCENT VIRUSES
The photodynamic inactivation of viruses by using C60 and their derivatives can be considered as a promising treatment, and thus, it can be successfully applied in medicine.
ORAL TOXICITY STUDY WITH FULLERENE C60 IN RATS
In this study the rats were administered 1000mg per kg daily for a period of 29 days followed by a 14 day recovery period. No deaths occurred in any groups and there were no details changed in the controls from the detailed clinical observations. There was also no treatment related histopathological changes were found in any organs examined at the end of the administration and recovery period.
In this study the rats were administered 1000mg per kg daily for a period of 29 days followed by a 14 day recovery period. No deaths occurred in any groups and there were no details changed in the controls from the detailed clinical observations. There was also no treatment related histopathological changes were found in any organs examined at the end of the administration and recovery period.
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CARBOXYFULLETNE PREVENTS IRON-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT BRAIN Both auto-oxidation (without exogenous iron) and iron‐induced elevation of lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates were suppressed by carboxyfullerene in a dose‐dependent manner. Our results suggest that intranigral infusion of carboxyfullerene appears to be nontoxic to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Furthermore, the potent antioxidative action of carboxyfullerene protects the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system from iron‐induced oxidative injury. |
CARBOXYFULLERENES AS NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS
Carboxyfullerenes effectively reduced neuronal death resulting from exposure to glutamate receptor agonists, NMDA or AMPA. C60 derivatives are the only class of antioxidant compounds that we have worked with to date that can fully block intense, rapidly triggered, NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in our cortical neuronal cultures.
Carboxyfullerenes effectively reduced neuronal death resulting from exposure to glutamate receptor agonists, NMDA or AMPA. C60 derivatives are the only class of antioxidant compounds that we have worked with to date that can fully block intense, rapidly triggered, NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in our cortical neuronal cultures.
FULLEROL NANO PARTICLES SUPPRESS INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND ADIPOGENESIS OF VERTEBRAL BONE MARROW STROMAL CELLS - A POTENTIAL NOVEL TREATMENT FOR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION
In conclusion, we believe that this is the first observation that fullerol, a potent antioxidant agent, suppresses IL-1 β-induced ROS and inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of vBMSCs in vitro and, therefore, may prevent vertebral fatty marrow deposition and inflammatory responses during disc degeneration.
In conclusion, we believe that this is the first observation that fullerol, a potent antioxidant agent, suppresses IL-1 β-induced ROS and inflammatory cytokine production, inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of vBMSCs in vitro and, therefore, may prevent vertebral fatty marrow deposition and inflammatory responses during disc degeneration.
A CARBOXYFULLERENE SOD MIMETIC IMPROVES COGNITION AND EXTENDS LIFE SPAN OF MICE
In this study we see that chronic treatment not only reduces age associated oxaditive stress and mitochondrial radical production and significantly extended life span but also the treated mice exhibited improved performance on the Morris water maze learning and memory task. This to our knowledge is the first demonstration that an administered antioxidant with mitochondrial activity and nervous system penetration not only increase life span but reduced age related cognitive impairment in mammals.
In this study we see that chronic treatment not only reduces age associated oxaditive stress and mitochondrial radical production and significantly extended life span but also the treated mice exhibited improved performance on the Morris water maze learning and memory task. This to our knowledge is the first demonstration that an administered antioxidant with mitochondrial activity and nervous system penetration not only increase life span but reduced age related cognitive impairment in mammals.
FULLERENE NANO PARTICLES AND THEIR ANTI OXIDATIVE EFFECTS: A COMPARISON TO OTHER RADIOPROTECTIVE AGENTS
Radiation therapy occupies an important position in the treatment of malignant diseases in spite of the existence of radiation side effects on normal tissues. Thus, substances are being developed which are designed to reduce both the acute and long term radiation effects on healthy tissues. Currently a sulphur-containing compound amifostine (WR2721, ethyol) is used in clinical practice as a radioprotectant. However, it itself has considerable side effects including hypotension (found in 62% of patients), hypocalcaemia, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Carbon nanospheres, known as fullerenes, and their water soluble derivatives (e.g. C60(OH)24, dendrofullerene DF-1) exert anti-oxidative properties and reduce damage to the DNA in irradiated cells. Water soluble fullerenes are low-toxic substances and thus, are attractive in terms of their use as radioprotectants.
Radiation therapy occupies an important position in the treatment of malignant diseases in spite of the existence of radiation side effects on normal tissues. Thus, substances are being developed which are designed to reduce both the acute and long term radiation effects on healthy tissues. Currently a sulphur-containing compound amifostine (WR2721, ethyol) is used in clinical practice as a radioprotectant. However, it itself has considerable side effects including hypotension (found in 62% of patients), hypocalcaemia, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting. Carbon nanospheres, known as fullerenes, and their water soluble derivatives (e.g. C60(OH)24, dendrofullerene DF-1) exert anti-oxidative properties and reduce damage to the DNA in irradiated cells. Water soluble fullerenes are low-toxic substances and thus, are attractive in terms of their use as radioprotectants.
C60 CARBOXYFULLERENE EXERTS A PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST OXADATIVE STRESS INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOUCLEAR CELLS
These results represent the first indication for a target activity of buckminster fullerenes on cells of the immune system and their mitochondria.
These results represent the first indication for a target activity of buckminster fullerenes on cells of the immune system and their mitochondria.
THE POLYHYDROXYLATED FULLERENE DERIVATIVE C60(OH)24 PROTECTS MICE FROM IONIZING RADIATION INDUCED IMMUNE AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION
In summary, our results demonstrate that chronic pretreatment with C60(OH)24 is effective in protecting mice from ionizingradiation-induced decrease in survival and immune function, and increase in oxidant generation and oxidative damage. The possible underlying mechanisms likely involve mitochondrial protection due to its wide bio-distribution to various organs and its antioxidant activity as a free radical scavenger and/or stimulator of antioxidant defense systems. These typical properties of polyhydroxylated fullerenols make them promising radioprotective agents.
In summary, our results demonstrate that chronic pretreatment with C60(OH)24 is effective in protecting mice from ionizingradiation-induced decrease in survival and immune function, and increase in oxidant generation and oxidative damage. The possible underlying mechanisms likely involve mitochondrial protection due to its wide bio-distribution to various organs and its antioxidant activity as a free radical scavenger and/or stimulator of antioxidant defense systems. These typical properties of polyhydroxylated fullerenols make them promising radioprotective agents.
THE EFFECT OF SQUALANE DISOLVED FULLERENE C60 ON ADIPOGENESIS ACCOMPANIED OXADATIVE STRESS AND MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION IN A PREADIPOCYTE MONOCYTE CO CULTURE SYSTEM.
Our results suggest that Sql-fullerene might be explored as a potential medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or other obesity-related disorders.
Our results suggest that Sql-fullerene might be explored as a potential medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or other obesity-related disorders.